Medium Shot: most common type of framming, provides audience with detailed view of the subject, shows people what subjevt looks like and places persom in sopecific environment.
Wide Sjhot- large area, used to cover alot of action or let an audience know when a scene is taking place
Establishing shot: used to establish a location
Extremew wide shot (xws): good shots fot openning films. exremely large area in a single frame
Close-up: draws the audience into subject on screen, visually and emotionally (think Norma Desmond)
Extreme Close up: can make audience pay extra attention
16x 9 is friendly to wide shots
4x3 screens are better for the CUs and XCUs
Placing one shot after another (elemental process of building a film)
Jump cut: Take a continuous shot of a person doing something and cut a few seconds from the middle of the shot. Audience can tell an action is missing.
Cut-away is a scene that cuts away to another subject, so that audience dosent notice the "jump-cut" (missing action)
Coverage: used to to avoid "jump-cuts" , and get a variety of shots (two cameras can be used)
Continuity and detail management: make sure details are consistent
The Rule of 180/ crossing the Axis: crossing the "axis" can be confusing
(crossing the axis and mixing shots can be hard to follow)
Script Supervisors are hired to take pictures of scenes for the problem of continuity
Timing can be used to set the emotional tone of the film. quick cuts=more exiting tempo, longer shots= more thoughtful tone.
Shooting with DVD Compression in Mind
-DV footage is converted to the compatible MPEG-2 format using editing applications and DVD production packages that ship with encoders.
not all shots will look great when compressed for DVD.
Compression Algorithms-
4.7 gb translates to 25 minutes of camera footage DV (DV thats been captured without applying additional compression). Commercials DVD play more than 25minutes of footage because the video and audio has been compressed.
-compression removes redundant information from a digital signal (resulting in a more manageable file size).
-algorithms (complex mathematic formulas) are used by DVD compression programs to analyze digital video and audio that can be removed without anyone noticing. (32)
spatial and temporal are two types of compression. the more detail, the harder it is to compress the image.
Spatial compression- breaks an image into blocks, and if parts of a frame repeat, algorithm places same block in more than one location (i.e. the background is a white wall, one section of it is repeated in more than one location to save space. Dosent have to create an entirely new background for each frame of video. (increased amounts of compression= loss of video. quality).
Temporal compression-looks for information that repeats from one frame to another and repeats it in the place of similar information (a white wall, used from from frame where it would not change either way).
Shots that make compression easier
-A static shot, with a solid background would be the easiest to compress because there is no movement, or poorly light backgrounds to compress. Filming shots and seeing how they look on screen is a good idea, to see how everything compresses.
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